Journal: Hypertension

Article Title: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Mediate Upregulation of Hypothalamic Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptors in Heart Failure Rats

doi: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.113639

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Immunohistochemical analysis of AT1-R immunoreactivity in the PVN of VEH-treated Sham rats and HF rats treated for 4 weeks with ICV VEH, losartan, PD98059, SP600125, or SB203580. A, Representative sections of PVN from animals undergoing each treatment protocol. Third ventricle is to the right. B, Grouped data showing numbers of AT1-R–positive neurons counted in PVN-dp, PVN-mp, PVN-vlp, and PVN-pm. Values are expressed as meansSEM (n6 to 7 for each group). *P0.05 compared with ShamVEH; †P0.05 HFtreatment compared with HFVEH. ‡P0.05, PVN-mp compared with other PVN regions, ShamVEH.

Article Snippet: The selective p44/42 MAPK inhibitor PD98059, the JNK inhibitor SP600125 and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 were obtained from Tocris (Ellisville, MO).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining

Journal: Hypertension

Article Title: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Mediate Upregulation of Hypothalamic Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptors in Heart Failure Rats

doi: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.113639

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Immunohistochemical analysis of AT1-R immunoreactivity in the SFO of VEH-treated Sham rats and HF rats treated for 4 weeks with ICV VEH, losartan, PD98059, SP600125, or SB203580. A, Representative sections of SFO from animals undergoing each treatment protocol. Third ventricle is at bottom of each image. B, Grouped data showing numbers of AT1-R positive neurons counted in central SFO. Values are expressed as meansSEM (n6 to 7 for each group). *P0.05 compared with ShamVEH; †P0.05 HFtreatment compared with HFVEH.

Article Snippet: The selective p44/42 MAPK inhibitor PD98059, the JNK inhibitor SP600125 and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 were obtained from Tocris (Ellisville, MO).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: MAPK Pathway under Chronic Copper Excess in Green Macroalgae (Chlorophyta): Involvement in the Regulation of Detoxification Mechanisms.

doi: 10.3390/ijms20184546

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 7. Principal components ordination (PCO) analysis diagrams in relation with time (a): T1: 6 h, T2: 24 h, T3: 48 h, and T4: 6 d; and treatments (b): t1: Control only with seawater, t2: Solely copper exposure as 10 µM of CuSO4 (Cu), t3: copper + 5 µM MAPK ERK inhibitor PD98059 (Cu + ERKi), t4: Copper + 5 µM MAPK JNK inhibitor SP600125 (Cu + JNKi), t5: Copper + MAPK p38 inhibitor SB203580 (Cu + p38i), t6: Cu + ERKi + JNKi, t7: Cu + ERKi + p38i, t8: Cu + p38i + JNKi, and t9: Cu + ERKi + JNKi + p38i. Vectors overlay (Sperman rank correlation) indicate the relationship between the PCO axes and the parameters H2O2, TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance), GSH (reduced glutathione), GSSG (oxidised glutathione), ASC (reduced ascorbate), DHA (dehydroascorbate), and relative gene expression catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), thioredoxin (TRX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione synthase (GS).

Article Snippet: Nine different treatments, with three replicates each, were conducted as: T1) control with just seawater; T2) only copper exposure as 10 μM of CuSO4 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) (Cu); T3) copper + 5 μM MAPK ERK inhibitor PD98059 (Tocris Bioscience, St. Louis, MO, USA) (Cu + ERKi); T4) copper + 5 μM MAPK JNK inhibitor SP600125 (Tocris Bioscience, St. Louis, MO, USA) (Cu + JNKi); T5) copper + MAPK p38 inhibitor SB203580 (Tocris Bioscience) (Cu + p38i); T6) Cu + ERKi + JNKi; T7) Cu + ERKi + p38i; T8) Cu + p38i + JNKi; and T9) Cu + ERKi + JNKi + p38i.

Techniques: Control, Gene Expression

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: MAPK Pathway under Chronic Copper Excess in Green Macroalgae (Chlorophyta): Involvement in the Regulation of Detoxification Mechanisms.

doi: 10.3390/ijms20184546

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 8. Principal Components Ordination (PCO) analysis diagrams considering the data covered in this article and in the parallel/complementary Celis-Plá et al. [1]. PCOs are related with time (a): T1: 6 h, T2: 24 h, T3: 48 h, and T4: 6 d; and treatments (b): t1: control only with seawater, t2: solely copper exposure as 10 µM CuSO4 (Cu), t3: copper + 5 µM MAPK ERK inhibitor PD98059 (Cu + ERKi), t4: copper + 5 µM MAPK JNK inhibitor SP600125 (Cu + JNKi), T5: copper + MAPK p38 inhibitor SB203580 (Cu + p38i), t6: Cu + ERKi + JNKi, t7: Cu + ERKi + p38i, t8: Cu + p38i + JNKi, and t9: Cu + ERKi + JNKi + p38i. Vectors overlay (Sperman rank correlation) indicate the relationship between the PCO axes and the parameters H2O2, TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance), GSH (reduced glutathione), GSSG (oxidised glutathione), ASC (reduced ascorbate), DHA (dehydroascorbate), and relative gene expression catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), thioredoxin (TRX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione synthase (GS). Furthermore, the physiological variables intracellular copper accumulation (copper photoinhibition (Fv/Fm) productivity (ETRmax), efficiency (αETR) and saturation of irradiance (EkETR), accompanied by higher non-photochemical quenching (NPQmax) [1].

Article Snippet: Nine different treatments, with three replicates each, were conducted as: T1) control with just seawater; T2) only copper exposure as 10 μM of CuSO4 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) (Cu); T3) copper + 5 μM MAPK ERK inhibitor PD98059 (Tocris Bioscience, St. Louis, MO, USA) (Cu + ERKi); T4) copper + 5 μM MAPK JNK inhibitor SP600125 (Tocris Bioscience, St. Louis, MO, USA) (Cu + JNKi); T5) copper + MAPK p38 inhibitor SB203580 (Tocris Bioscience) (Cu + p38i); T6) Cu + ERKi + JNKi; T7) Cu + ERKi + p38i; T8) Cu + p38i + JNKi; and T9) Cu + ERKi + JNKi + p38i.

Techniques: Control, Gene Expression